Thus the d-electrons closer to the ligands will have a higher energy than those further away which results in the d -orbitals splitting in energy.Ī higher oxidation state leads to a larger splitting relative to the spherical field. ![]() The electrons in the d -orbitals and those in the ligand repel each other due to repulsion between like charges. ![]() The theory is developed by considering energy changes of the five degenerate d -orbitals upon being surrounded by an array of point charges consisting of the ligands. ![]() CFT successfully accounts for some magnetic properties, colors, hydration enthalpies, and spinel structures of transition metal complexes, but it does not attempt to describe bonding.ĬFT was subsequently combined with molecular orbital theory to form the more realistic and complex ligand field theory (LFT), which delivers insight into the process of chemical bonding in transition metal complexes.
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